When it comes to routing Precision Board HDU with a CNC machine, we often get asked questions about proper settings for speeds and feeds. We came across this excellent article from AXYZ, a global manufacturer of CNC router systems and CNC knife systems. They do a great job explaining what feeds and speeds are as well as ways to calculate the correct parameters. Check it out!
From the AXYZ website:
There are certain parameters that must be considered, before setting up any job for processing if you are to achieve the finish and accuracy required. This blog discusses the importance of choosing the right speeds and feeds for your application, the do’s and don’ts and how to calculate the right parameters.
What do you mean by ‘Feeds and Speeds’
‘Feeds and speeds’ is generally used to refer to ‘feed rate’, ‘slew rate’, ‘plunge rate’ and ‘spindle rpm’.
The feed rate represents how fast the machine will move the router bit though the material when cutting and is critical to get right for leaving a good quality cut edge.
Slew rate is the speed that the machine moves when above the material and is travelling between cuts. This is normally set to as high a level as possible in order to reduce cycle times.
Plunge rate is the speed at which the router bit is driven down into the material when starting a cut and will vary depending on the bit used and the material being processed. It is important not to plunge too fast as it is easy to damage the tip of the cutter during this operation.
The Spindle speed in rpm should be set to a value that is appropriate for the tool being used and the material being processed. Feed rate and spindle speed are inter-related. Sometimes it is possible to cut at a faster feed rate by increasing the spindle rpm. Similarly, if you cut at too low a feed rate or with too high a spindle rpm there is a risk of overheating the router bit and potentially burning or melting the workpiece.
How to calculate the right parameters
Feeds and speeds are usually all set in the programming software that is used to create the machine program. There are many resources available to help determine suitable settings for particular material / router bit combinations.
These often provide a good starting point but can usually be further improved through a small amount of trial and error. Most machine controllers allow you to adjust the feed rate while a program is running and by listening to the sound the cutter makes this can be a good way of optimizing the parameters.
You can find our very own CNC cutter chart at www.cncroutershop.com. This CNC cutting chart shows starting points for depth per pass, feed rate, spindle speed and whether to use lubricant or not for your chosen tool and material.
The Do’s and Don’ts
Do …
- Make sure you have the right router bit for the material to be processed
- Look up recommended settings when programming for a new type of material of router bit
- Check with your machine supplier if you aren’t achieving the expected quality or productivity
- Make sure your collet is not worn and the tool is fitted correctly
- Start with lower feed and plunge rates if not sure to avoid potential tool breakage or machine damage
Don’t …
- Forget that doing some test cuts on a spare piece of material is a good way of checking settings before running your main program
- Use worn or damage router bits which can cause overheating and poor cut quality
- Continue cutting if you hear an unusual cutting noise. Pause the machine and check the router bit and settings
- Cut too deep in a single pass. Sometimes it can be more efficient to use a higher feed rate and two or more passes rather than a single cut at a low feed rate
Author: Kevin Recinos is an Application Specialist for AXYZ, a global manufacturer of CNC router and knife systems. Kevin has covered many areas during his spell at AXYZ to ensure he has gained holistic exposure to both the needs of customers and the functionality of our CNC machines.
(article originally appeared on the AXYZ website HERE)
You can find more information about speeds and feeds by checking out the links below:
- Router Bit Selection Guide/Speeds and Feeds
- Updated Speeds and Feeds for Precision Board HDU
- Speeds and Feeds Used to Improve CNC Efficiency
AXYZ is a leading global manufacturer of CNC router machines and knife systems. Designed and built at our state-of-the-art factory in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, AXYZ CNC routers are supplied and supported through a global network of sales and support offices and authorized dealers. With more than 366,918 standard machine configurations and over 25 years experience, AXYZ specializes in matching machinery to customer’s unique needs and budgets.
Coastal Enterprises manufactures Precision Board HDU, a versatile, cost-effective and eco-friendly urethane material used in both the signage and tooling industries. It is a closed-cell rigid substrate that does not rot, warp or crack. You can request free samples, get a quote or sign up for periodic newsletters packed with helpful information.